![]() Some spores are present in the centre of the cell.Calcium dipicolinate is present in high concentration that stabilizes the DNA molecule present in spore.ĭipicolinaic acid helps the spore to resist the heat fluctuations in the environment and calcium helps the spore from oxidizing agents. They also contain ribosomes and enzymes that are metabolically inactive. SASPs help in the protection of the DNA from UV radiation and heat. The core contains the bacterial DNA that is enclosed into Small acid-soluble spore protein (SASPs). Peptidoglycan is needed for the synthesis of the cell wall. Cortex:Ĭortex lies beneath the coat and it mainly composed of peptidoglycan. It is composed of keratin that has the enzymes that allow the germination of spore. It excludes large molecules such as lysozyme and toxins from the spore. It is a thin covering around the spore that acts as a sieve. Resistance to temperature and pH change.depletion of nutrient, high in temperature and pH and dehydration, bacteria forms spores. The bacteria that germinate from spore can grow and start a new progeny.Ĭlostridium botulinum, Bacillus anthracis Why bacteria produce spores?īacteria grow moderately in favourable condition. When favourable conditions arrive, these spores germinate into a new bacterium that has all the properties of the parent bacteria. Spores have the least metabolic activity. Spores are the dormant form of bacteria that can tolerate all the fluctuations in the environment. Spores are not often found at the site of infection because nutrients are not limiting.Įxamples of Spore forming Bacteria- Spores formed by only two genera of Gram-positive rods are of medical importance.Spore-forming bacteria are those bacteria that can form spores under unfavourable conditions. Spores formed only when nutrients are insufficient. Spores do not exhibit measurable metabolic activity.Īntibiotics are ineffective against spores. Wound contaminated with soils can be infected with spores and cause diseases such as tetanus, gas gangrene. Spores can survive for many years in soil and other inanimate objects. Only solution designated as sporicidal will kill spores. Spores are highly resistant to many chemicals, including most disinfectants. Medical supplies must be heated to 121☌ for at least 15 minutes to be sterilized. Spores are highly resistant to heating spores are not killed by boiling (100☌) but are killed at 121☌. Medical Importance of Bacterial Spores Important features of Spores It should be noted that, unlike the binary fission process observed with vegetative cells, the formation of endospores is not a reproductive process but rather a differentiation process that provides bacteria with a survival mechanism. When free endospores are placed in an environment that encourages growth, the endospores will revert to being a vegetative cell in a process called germination. The mature endospores are released from the vegetative cell to become free endospores. Spherical and terminal, giving a drumstick appearance ( Clostridium tetani).Oval and terminal, resembling a tennis racket (eg.Sub-terminal, the bacillus appearing Club shaped (eg.Central or equatorial, giving the bacillus a spindle shape (eg.Endospores can be located in the middle of the bacteria (central), at the end of the bacteria (terminal), and near the end of the bacteria (subterminal) and can be spherical or elliptical. ![]() The shape and position of the spores vary in different species and can be useful for classification and identification purposes.
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